TVC Testing

Total Viable Testing

Overview

Total Viable Count (TVC) testing is used to assess the overall level of aerobic bacteria present in water systems. It is commonly carried out on final rinse water samples to help monitor hygiene, cleanliness, and microbiological quality.
All TVC testing is performed in accordance with UKAS accredited methods, ensuring reliable and recognised results.

Laboratory sample bottles used for water testing and analysis

Sample receipt and preparation 

A 200 mL final rinse water sample is received by the laboratory and logged into the system upon arrival to ensure full traceability.

The sample is processed using a membrane filtration method to concentrate any microorganisms present.

The procedure involves:

  • Placing a 0.45 micron nitrocellulose membrane filter onto a sterile filtration manifold

  • Passing the measured water sample through the membrane

  • Capturing bacteria on the surface of the filter

Following filtration, the membrane is aseptically transferred onto an agar plate for incubation.

Membrane filtration method used for microbiological water testing

Culture and incubation 

Samples are cultured on R2A agar, the primary medium recommended in Health Technical Memorandum guidance for water testing.

R2A agar is a low-nutrient medium designed to:

  • Support recovery of stressed or slow-growing bacteria

  • Mimic the nutrient conditions found in water systems

  • Promote the growth of a broad range of aerobic waterborne organisms

This makes it particularly suitable for routine monitoring of water quality.

Plates are incubated:

  • At 30°C
  • For 5 days

This extended incubation period allows visible colonies to develop, enabling accurate enumeration and assessment of microbial levels.

Bacterial colonies being counted on agar plate using colony counter

Results and reporting

After incubation, colonies are counted manually.

  • Each visible colony represents one viable bacterium present in the original sample
  • Results are calculated using duplicate plates to improve accuracy
  • Final results are reported as colony forming units (CFU)

Results are reviewed in line with HTM guidance, and any results outside recommended limits can be highlighted and explained.

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